Remote Monitoring of Crop Nitrogen Nutrition to Adjust Crop Models: A Review

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a central issue to address regarding the nitrogen (N) uptake by crops, and can be improved applying correct dose of fertilizers at specific points in fields according plants status. The N nutrition index (NNI) was developed diagnose plant However, its determination requires destructive, time-consuming measurements content (PNC) dry matter (PDM). To overcome logistical economic problems, it necessary assesses crop NNI rapidly non-destructively. According literature which we reviewed, it, as well PNC PDM, estimated using vegetation indices obtained from remote sensing. While sensory techniques are useful for measuring PNC, growth models estimate requirements. Research has indicated that accuracy increased through integration sensing data periodically update model, considering spatial variability plot. this combination presents some difficulties. On one hand, level identification most appropriate sensor each situation, on other estimation needs crops interest stages growth. methods used couple with must very calibrated, especially parameters environment around crop. Therefore, paper reviews currently available information Google Scholar ScienceDirect identify studies relevant status, assess non-destructive methods, integrate cited articles were selected. Finally, discuss further research via algorithms help farmers field application. Although knowledge about still necessary, define three guidelines aid choosing platform.